What genetic process occurs during anaphase I of meiosis that increases genetic variability?

During anaphase I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell. This stage is significant for increasing genetic variability through a process known as independent assortment. While crossing-over, which occurs during prophase I, contributes to genetic variability by exchanging genetic material between homologous chromosomes, the choice specifying crossing-over is not directly associated with anaphase I.

Independent assortment is the key process during anaphase I, where the random separation of maternal and paternal chromosomes creates a mix of alleles in gametes. This leads to the production of gametes that carry different combinations of genes, enhancing genetic diversity within a population. Therefore, while crossing-over is critical for variability, the specific increase in variability during anaphase I is primarily due to the independent assortment of chromosomes.