What is the process by which particles move from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration using energy?

The movement of particles from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration using energy is known as active transport. This process is essential for cells to maintain concentrations of ions and molecules that are necessary for cellular functions.

Active transport differs from passive transport methods, such as diffusion and facilitated diffusion, where molecules move naturally along a concentration gradient without the need for energy. In contrast, during active transport, cells use energy in the form of ATP to move substances against the concentration gradient, ensuring that they can accumulate necessary molecules even when they are in lower concentrations outside the cell.

This energy-dependent mechanism is crucial for various cellular processes, such as nutrient uptake and ion regulation, demonstrating how cells can actively control their internal environments.