Which functional characteristic distinguishes proteins from carbohydrates?

The ability to catalyze biochemical reactions is a key functional characteristic that distinguishes proteins from carbohydrates. Proteins, specifically enzymes, are capable of speeding up chemical reactions in the body, facilitating various physiological processes and metabolic pathways. This catalytic function is essential for sustaining life, as it allows biochemical reactions to occur at rates necessary for cellular functions.

In contrast, carbohydrates primarily serve as energy sources and structural components rather than having the ability to catalyze reactions. Carbohydrates like sugars and starches are mainly involved in energy storage and supply, with no role in catalyzing biochemical reactions. This fundamental difference in function highlights the unique role proteins play in biological systems.