Which of these processes is involved in the formation of gametes?

The process involved in the formation of gametes is meiosis. This specialized type of cell division reduces the chromosome number by half, producing four non-identical daughter cells, each with a haploid set of chromosomes. In sexually reproducing organisms, meiosis is crucial for generating gametes—sperm and eggs in animals—which combine during fertilization to form a diploid zygote, restoring the chromosome number.

In contrast, mitosis is a process of cell division that produces two genetically identical daughter cells and is primarily involved in growth, repair, and asexual reproduction, not in the formation of gametes. Binary fission is a method of asexual reproduction commonly found in prokaryotes like bacteria, where a single organism divides into two, also unrelated to gamete formation. Cloning refers to the production of a genetically identical copy of an organism, which does not involve the process of meiosis and thus does not contribute to the formation of gametes.