Which process refers to the change in allele frequencies within a population over generations?

The process that refers to the change in allele frequencies within a population over generations is microevolution. Microevolution encompasses small-scale evolutionary changes that occur within a species or population. These changes can result from various mechanisms, including genetic drift, mutation, migration, and natural selection, all of which contribute to the shifts in allele frequencies over time.

Microevolution reflects how populations adapt to their environments and can lead to significant genetic variation. It happens on a relatively small time scale compared to macroevolution, which refers to larger evolutionary changes that result in the emergence of new species or major groups over much longer time frames. Understanding microevolution is crucial because it lays the groundwork for how populations evolve and respond to environmental pressures, ultimately influencing biodiversity.