Which term refers to a scientifically testable explanation for an observed phenomenon?

A scientifically testable explanation for an observed phenomenon is referred to as a hypothesis. A hypothesis is a proposed explanation that can be investigated through experimentation or observation. It takes into account the available evidence and offers a potential answer to a specific question raised by a phenomenon.

In scientific research, forming a hypothesis is a critical step because it sets the stage for experimentation and further inquiry. A hypothesis must be specific and testable, meaning that it can be supported or refuted through controlled studies or experiments, allowing scientists to gather data and draw conclusions based on empirical evidence.

Other terms like "law," "theory," and "conclusion" have different meanings. A law describes a consistent and universal phenomenon that occurs under certain conditions and does not specify how or why the phenomenon occurs. A theory is a well-substantiated explanation that integrates numerous hypotheses and is supported by a broad range of evidence but is not testable in the same finite way as a hypothesis. A conclusion generally refers to a judgment or decision reached after consideration of evidence, often resulting from tests and experimental findings. Therefore, a hypothesis is distinctly positioned as an initial proposed explanation that paves the way for scientific testing and discovery.