Which term refers to a physical structure that is similar in function but different in form and inheritance across multiple species?

The term that refers to a physical structure that is similar in function but different in form and inheritance across multiple species is known as an analogous structure. Analogous structures arise when organisms evolve similar traits independently in response to similar environmental pressures, despite having different evolutionary ancestors. This phenomenon is a key concept in evolutionary biology called convergent evolution, where different species develop similar adaptations to survive in comparable ecosystems.

For example, the wings of bats and birds serve a similar purpose—facilitating flight—but they have significantly different anatomical structures and evolutionary histories. Bat wings are modified forelimbs, while bird wings evolved from different ancestral structures.

This distinction highlights the reason why analogous structures are important for understanding how diverse organisms can develop similar solutions to environmental challenges, reflecting their adaptability rather than a shared lineage.